Atatürk was also credited for his peace in the world-oriented foreign policy and friendship with neighboring countries such as Iran, Yugoslavia, Iraq, and Greece, as well as the creation of the Balkan Pact that resisted the expansionist aggressions of Fascist Italy. In 1981, the centennial of Atatürk's birth, his memory was honoured by the United Nations and UNESCO, which declared it The Atatürk Year in the World and adopted the Resolution on the Atatürk Centennial, describing him as "the leader of the first struggle given against colonialism and imperialism" and a "remarkable promoter of the sense of understanding between peoples and durable peace between the nations of the world and that he worked all his life for the development of harmony and cooperation between peoples without distinction". He died on 10 November 1938 at Dolmabahçe Palace in Istanbul, at the age of 57 he was succeeded as president by his long-time prime minister İsmet İnönü and was honored with a state funeral. The Turkish Parliament granted him the surname Atatürk in 1934, which means "Father of the Turks", in recognition of the role he played in building the modern Turkish Republic. Under Atatürk, the few surviving indigenous minorities were asked to speak Turkish in public, but also were allowed to maintain their own languages at the same time non-Turkish toponyms and minorities were ordered to get a Turkish surname as per Turkish renditions. His government carried out a policy of Turkification, trying to create a homogeneous, unified and above all secular nation under the Turkish banner.
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1580 on 3 April 1930 and a few years later, in 1934, full universal suffrage.
In particular, women were given voting rights in local elections by Act no. Turkish women received equal civil and political rights during Atatürk's presidency. He also introduced the Latin-based Turkish alphabet, replacing the old Ottoman Turkish alphabet.
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He made primary education free and compulsory, opening thousands of new schools all over the country. He subsequently proceeded to abolish the decrepit Ottoman Empire and proclaimed the foundation of the Turkish Republic in its place.Īs the president of the newly formed Turkish Republic, Atatürk initiated a rigorous program of political, economic, and cultural reforms with the ultimate aim of building a modern, progressive and secular nation-state. Establishing a provisional government in the present-day Turkish capital Ankara (known in English at the time as Angora), he defeated the forces sent by the Allies, thus emerging victorious from what was later referred to as the Turkish War of Independence. Following the defeat and dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, he led the Turkish National Movement, which resisted mainland Turkey's partition among the victorious Allied powers. Ītatürk came to prominence for his role in securing the Ottoman Turkish victory at the Battle of Gallipoli (1915) during World War I. Due to his military and political accomplishments, Atatürk is regarded as one of the most important political leaders of the 20th century. Ideologically a secularist and nationalist, his policies and socio-political theories became known as Kemalism. He undertook sweeping progressive reforms, which modernized Turkey into a secular, industrializing nation. 1881 – 10 November 1938) was a Turkish field marshal, revolutionary statesman, author, and the founding father of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first president from 1923 until his death in 1938. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, or Mustafa Kemal Pasha until 1921, and Ghazi Mustafa Kemal from 1921 until 1934 ( c.
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